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🧠 Proof of Extended Modal Realism
Definitions
Brutalism
Brutalism is the metaphysical view that some facts obtain without any explanation, cause, or sufficient reason. These are called brute facts — they are simply true, without any further grounding or intelligibility. Brutalism explicitly denies the Principle of Sufficient Reason.
Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR)
The PSR is the principle that:
For every fact that obtains, there is a sufficient reason why it is so and not otherwise.
It applies not only to empirical events but to metaphysical facts, modal realities, and the existence of the universe itself.
Extended Modal Realism (EMR)
Extended Modal Realism is the view that:
All worlds — possible, impossible, and incoherent — exist.
This includes:
- Logically consistent worlds (standard modal realism),
- Metaphysically or nomologically impossible worlds (violating identity or physical law),
- Logically incoherent worlds (e.g., containing contradictions or undefined objects).
EMR rejects all arbitrary limits on what counts as a “world,” allowing every definable or conceivable structure to have being in some modal domain.
Argument
Premise 1:
Brutalism denies the PSR and allows for brute facts — facts without explanation or intelligibility.
Premise 2:
Brutalism is incoherent because:
- It undermines the very possibility of reasoning, inference, and justification.
- Any assertion (including brutalism itself) presupposes the availability of sufficient reason.
- Therefore, brutalism is self-defeating and cannot possibly be correct.
Premise 3:
If brutalism is false, then the Principle of Sufficient Reason must be accepted universally — no fact may be admitted without a sufficient reason.
Premise 4:
Any metaphysical system that includes only some worlds (e.g., only possible or only coherent ones) must provide a sufficient reason for excluding others.
Premise 5:
No non-arbitrary, sufficient reason can be given for excluding impossible or incoherent worlds without appealing to brute constraint — which reintroduces brutalism and violates the PSR.
Premise 6:
Extended Modal Realism is the only metaphysical system that includes all worlds — possible, impossible, and incoherent — and thus requires no arbitrary exclusions.
Conclusion
Extended Modal Realism must be correct, by necessity.
This follows because it is the only metaphysical system that fully satisfies the Principle of Sufficient Reason while avoiding the incoherence of brutalism.